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OAuth (Open Authorization) is a widely adopted authorization framework that allows applications to grant limited access to their resources without exposing user credentials. OAuth allows users to authenticate third-party applications without sharing passwords, instead using tokens to authorize access to protected resources. While OAuth is a powerful and flexible authorization protocol, improper implementation can lead...

Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based framework for transmitting authentication and authorization data between an identity provider (IdP) and a service provider (SP). It’s widely used in Single Sign-On (SSO) implementations, allowing users to authenticate once and access multiple applications without repeatedly entering credentials. In this blog, we’ll explore the fundamentals of SAML,...

Windows privilege escalation is a critical area of concern for system administrators and cybersecurity professionals. If an attacker gains access to a low-privileged account, the ultimate goal is to escalate privileges to higher levels, often aiming for SYSTEM or Administrator privileges. In this blog, we will cover the fundamentals of Windows privilege escalation, the different...